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Executive Functions
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Evolution of the Philippine Constitution Flashcards
The Philippine Constitution has gone through several major changes, each reflecting a different chapter in the country's political history. This flashcard set covers every constitution from the provisional 1897 Biak-na-Bato Constitution to the current 1987 Constitution, including the landmark Malolos Constitution, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, and the Marcos-era 1973 Constitution. Learners will find key facts about authors, government structures, rights recognized, and historical significance for each document.
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What was the first constitution of the Philippines, proclaimed on November 1, 1897?
The 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato.
Who wrote the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?
Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho.
What type of constitution was the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
It was a provisional (temporary) constitution.
What government body was created by the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
A government led by a Supreme Council.
What basic rights were recognized by the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
Freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the right to education.
What was the main goal of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
To unite Filipinos and demand reforms and independence from Spain.
What is the significance of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
It showed the early Filipino desire for self-government and freedom.
What were the organs of government under the Biak-na-Bato Constitution?
President, Vice President, Interior, Foreign Affairs, and Treasurer.
What is significant about the 1899 Malolos Constitution?
It was the first republican constitution in Asia and created the First Philippine Republic.
Who promulgated the Malolos Constitution?
Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.
Who drafted the Malolos Constitution?
Filipino leaders like Felipe Calderón.
What type of government did the Malolos Constitution establish?
A democratic government with separation of powers.
According to the Malolos Constitution, where does sovereignty belong?
Sovereignty belongs to the people.
What is the importance of the Malolos Constitution?
It proved that Filipinos were capable of running a democratic government.
What law outlined the Philippines' gradual takeover of self-government from the US during the American rule?
The Philippine Independence Act, also known as the Tydings-McDuffie Law.
What kind of system did the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution establish?
A presidential system with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
Who approved the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution?
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
What was the importance of the 1935 Constitution?
It trained Filipinos in self-rule and democratic governance and prepared the Philippines for independence.
Under whose presidency was the 1973 Constitution adopted?
Ferdinand Marcos.
What kind of government system did the 1973 Constitution change the Philippines to?
A parliamentary system with a Unicameral National Assembly.
What period was the 1973 Constitution used during?
The period of Martial Law.
What was the importance of the 1973 Constitution?
It showed how a constitution can be used to strengthen government control.
What was the 1986 Freedom Constitution?
A temporary constitution issued by President Corazon Aquino after the EDSA People Power Revolution.
What did the 1986 Freedom Constitution do?
It abolished Marcos-era structures, restored democracy and civil liberties, and served as a bridge to a new constitution.
Who led the drafting of the 1987 Constitution?
A 48-member Constitutional Commission led by Cecilia Muñoz-Palma.
When was the 1987 Constitution ratified?
February 2, 1987.
What does the 1987 Constitution declare the Philippines to be?
A democratic and republican state.
What does the 1987 Constitution strongly protect?
Human rights through the Bill of Rights.
What is the importance of the 1987 Constitution?
It is the current constitution that protects democracy, freedom, and the rights of the people.
Frequently Asked Questions About Evolution of the Philippine Constitution
What was the first constitution of the Philippines?
The first constitution of the Philippines was the 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, proclaimed on November 1, 1897. It was a provisional constitution written by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho. Its main goal was to unite Filipinos and demand reforms and independence from Spain.
Why is the Malolos Constitution historically significant?
The 1899 Malolos Constitution was the first republican constitution in Asia and established the First Philippine Republic. It created a democratic government with separation of powers and declared that sovereignty belongs to the people. It was promulgated by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.
What did the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution establish?
The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution established a presidential system with three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. It was approved by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was tied to the Tydings-McDuffie Law, which outlined the Philippines' gradual path to self-government. The constitution trained Filipinos in democratic governance and prepared the country for independence.
What type of government did the 1973 Constitution create under Marcos?
The 1973 Constitution, adopted under President Ferdinand Marcos, shifted the Philippines from a presidential to a parliamentary system with a Unicameral National Assembly. It was used during the Martial Law period and is remembered as an example of how a constitution can be used to strengthen government control rather than limit it.
What was the 1986 Freedom Constitution and why was it issued?
The 1986 Freedom Constitution was a temporary constitution issued by President Corazon Aquino following the EDSA People Power Revolution. It abolished Marcos-era government structures, restored democracy and civil liberties, and served as a bridge until a permanent constitution could be drafted and ratified.
What does the 1987 Philippine Constitution protect?
The 1987 Constitution declares the Philippines a democratic and republican state and strongly protects human rights through its Bill of Rights. It was ratified on February 2, 1987, and was drafted by a 48-member Constitutional Commission led by Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. It remains the current constitution of the Philippines today.
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