Endocrine System Flashcards

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Question
What is the endocrine system?
Answer
The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs in the human body that regulates various bodily functions through the production and secretion of hormones.
Question
What role do hormones play in the endocrine system?
Answer
Hormones act as chemical messengers that influence processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood regulation.
Question
What are the main glands of the endocrine system?
Answer
The main glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands.
Question
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Answer
The pituitary gland, often called the 'master gland,' regulates various hormones that control many bodily functions.
Question
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
Answer
The anterior pituitary produces hormones such as growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and prolactin.
Question
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
Answer
The thyroid gland regulates the body's metabolism by producing hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Question
What are common disorders of the thyroid gland?
Answer
Common disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.
Question
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Answer
PTH regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium release from bones and absorption in the intestines.
Question
What do adrenal glands produce?
Answer
Adrenal glands produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone.
Question
What is the function of cortisol?
Answer
Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure, and is often referred to as the 'stress hormone.'
Question
What is Addison's disease?
Answer
Addison's disease is a disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone.
Question
What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
Answer
Symptoms include weight gain, high blood pressure, skin changes, and muscle weakness due to prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels.
Question
What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?
Answer
The pancreas produces insulin, which is essential for regulating blood sugar levels.
Question
What hormones do reproductive glands produce?
Answer
Reproductive glands produce hormones such as testosterone in males and estrogen and progesterone in females.
Question
How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis?
Answer
The endocrine system maintains homeostasis by regulating internal conditions through hormone signaling in response to external changes.
Question
What is the significance of the nervous system in relation to the endocrine system?
Answer
The nervous system works closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis and ensure proper body functioning.
Question
What is synaptic plasticity?
Answer
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, which is essential for learning and memory.
Question
How does cortisol affect memory formulation?
Answer
Cortisol enhances memory encoding during stress but chronic high levels can impair memory function.
Question
What is the function of aldosterone?
Answer
Aldosterone helps control blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium balance in the blood.
Question
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
Answer
The hippocampus is critical for memory formation and is sensitive to cortisol levels.
Question
What lifestyle factors influence cortisol levels?
Answer
Factors include sleep quality, diet, physical activity, stress management, and social connections.
Question
What is the impact of chronic stress on cortisol levels?
Answer
Chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which may impair cognitive function and memory.
Question
What is the relationship between adrenaline and aldosterone?
Answer
Adrenaline is involved in the 'fight or flight' response, while aldosterone regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
Question
What are the effects of high cortisol levels?
Answer
High cortisol levels can lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, and a weakened immune system.
Question
What is the importance of regular monitoring in endocrine disorders?
Answer
Regular monitoring is essential to manage conditions like Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome effectively.

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