Anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen grossly (without magnification) and microscopically (with magnification). Typically, the term 'anatomy' refers to gross or macroscopic anatomy, the study of structures visible without a microscope. Microscopic anatomy, also known as histology, is the study of cells and tissues using a microscope.

Anatomy forms the basis for the practice of medicine, helping physicians understand a patient's disease through physical examinations and advanced imaging techniques. It is also crucial for dentists, chiropractors, physical therapists, and anyone involved in patient treatment that begins with clinical sign analysis.

Observation and visualization are the primary techniques students should use to learn anatomy. While the language of anatomy is important, understanding the network of information needed to visualize the position of physical structures goes beyond simple memorization.

The term 'anatomy' is derived from the Greek word 'temnein,' meaning 'to cut.' Historically, the study of anatomy was linked to dissection. Today, dissection of cadavers is augmented or replaced by viewing prosected material, plastic models, computer teaching modules, and virtual or augmented reality experiences.

Anatomy can be studied using either a regional or a systemic approach. In the regional approach, each body region is studied separately, examining all its structures. In the systemic approach, each body system is studied throughout the entire body.

The anatomical position is the standard reference position of the body. The body is standing upright with feet together, arms at the sides, face looking forward, mouth closed with a neutral expression, eyes open and focused, palms facing forward, fingers straight and together, thumbs turned 90 degrees to the fingers, and toes pointing forward.

The three major anatomical planes are: Coronal planes (vertical, dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts), Sagittal planes (vertical, at right angles to coronal planes, dividing the body into right and left parts), and Transverse, horizontal, or axial planes (dividing the body into superior and inferior parts).

Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) describe positions relative to the front and back of the body. Medial and lateral describe positions relative to the median sagittal plane and the sides of the body.

T1-weighted images typically show dark fluid and bright fat. T2-weighted images show a bright signal from fluid and an intermediate signal from fat. These differences in contrast accentuate different tissue characteristics.