Cell Transport Flashcards
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What is cell transport?
Cell transport refers to the various mechanisms and processes that cells use to move substances across their membranes, essential for maintaining homeostasis, acquiring nutrients, and expelling waste products.
What are the two main types of cell transport?
The two main types of cell transport are passive transport and active transport.
What is passive transport?
Passive transport is a biological process that involves the movement of molecules across cell membranes without the need for energy input, relying on the concentration gradient.
What are examples of passive transport?
Examples of passive transport include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
What is active transport?
Active transport is a biological process where cells move molecules across their membranes against a concentration gradient, requiring energy, typically in the form of ATP.
What are examples of active transport?
Examples of active transport include the sodium-potassium pump and endocytosis.
How does passive transport differ from active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their gradient.
What is a concentration gradient?
A concentration gradient refers to the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance, often describing the difference in concentration across a cell membrane.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion that refers to the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is ATP?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that carries energy within cells and is often referred to as the 'energy currency' of the cell.
How is ATP used in cells?
ATP is used to power various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
The sodium-potassium pump is a vital membrane protein that actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient.
What is endocytosis?
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell by engulfing external materials, forming a vesicle.
What are the types of endocytosis?
The types of endocytosis include phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
What role do concentration gradients play in cellular processes?
Concentration gradients are crucial for processes like diffusion and active transport, allowing substances to move in and out of cells.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help larger or polar molecules cross the membrane.
What is the significance of ATP in cellular biology?
ATP is essential for storing and transferring energy within cells, enabling various biological processes necessary for life.
How is ATP regenerated?
ATP is continuously regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
What is the function of transport proteins in cell transport?
Transport proteins facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, either passively or actively.
What is the role of microtubules in intracellular transport?
Microtubules serve as tracks for the transport of membrane-bound vesicles and organelles, utilizing motor proteins.
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a selective process where specific molecules are internalized after binding to receptors on the cell surface.
What is the importance of maintaining homeostasis in cells?
Maintaining homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, allowing them to regulate their internal environment and respond to external changes.
What happens during exocytosis?
During exocytosis, the cell membrane fuses with vesicles to release substances out of the cell.
What is the role of ATP synthase?
ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
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